Android Performance: Avoid using ENUM on Android
What and
why we use ENUM?
Enum in java is a data type that contains fixed set of
constants. When we required predefined set of values which represents some kind
of data, we use ENUM. We always use Enums when a variable can only take one out
of a small set of possible values. For example:
public enum Season
{
WINTER, SPRING,
SUMMER, FALL
}
Instead of using Integer or String constants, we generally use
ENUM to increase compile time checking and avoid errors from passing in invalid
constants.
Drawback
of using ENUM
Each value in an ENUM is an object and each declaration will
take some runtime memory simply to reference the object. So ENUM values will
take more memory then Integer or String constant. Even in old android devices
(<=2.2), there were some performance issue related to ENUM which were solved
in JIT compiler.
Adding a single ENUM will increase the size (13x times than
the Integer constant) of final DEX file. It also generates the problem of
runtime overhead and your app will required more space.
So overuse
of ENUM in Android would increase DEX size and increase runtime memory allocation
size.
If your application is using more ENUM then better to use Integer
or String constants instead of ENUM. But still problem remains…
Solution
Android provide annotation library which has TypeDef annotations.
These annotations ensure that a particular parameter, return value, or field
references a specific set of constants. They also enable code completion to
automatically offer the allowed constants.
IntDef and StringDef are two Magic Constant Annotation which
can be used instead of Enum. These annotation will help us to check variable
assignment like Enum in compile time.
How to
use?
Let’s take a simple example to understand the use. Below are
code snippet of a ConstantSeason class.
public class ConstantSeason {
public static final
int WINTER = 0;
public static final
int SPRING = 1;
public static final
int SUMMER = 2;
public static final
int FALL = 3;
public
ConstantSeason(int season) {
System.out.println("Season :" + season);
}
public static void
main(String[] args) {
// Here chance
to paas invalid value
ConstantSeason
constantSeason = new ConstantSeason(5);
}
}
Unfortunately, there is no guarantee that the user will use
the constructor with proper values - there is no type safety here.
Also the similar implementation using ENUM would be:
public class EnumSeason {
public
EnumSeason(Season season) {
System.out.println("Season :" + season);
}
public enum Season {
WINTER, SPRING,
SUMMER, FALL
}
public static void
main(String[] args) {
EnumSeason
enumSeason = new EnumSeason(Season.SPRING);
}
}
Now let’s look how to use magic constants from
support-annotations.
Add the support-annotations dependency to your project by
putting the following line in the dependencies block of your build.gradle file:
dependencies { compile
'com.android.support:support-annotations:24.2.0' }
Declare the constants and @IntDef for these constants:
// Constants
public static final int WINTER = 0;
public static final int SPRING = 1;
public static final int SUMMER = 2;
public static final int FALL = 3;
// Declare the @IntDef for these constants
@IntDef({WINTER, SPRING, SUMMER, FALL})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
public @interface Season {}
Here Typedef annotations use @interface to declare the new
enumerated annotation type. The @IntDef and @StringDef annotations, along with
@Retention, annotate the new annotation and are necessary in order to define
the enumerated type. The @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE) annotation tells
the compiler not to store the enumerated annotation data in the .class file.
So implementation of above example would be:
public class AnnotationSeason {
public static final
int WINTER = 0;
public static final
int SPRING = 1;
public static final
int SUMMER = 2;
public static final
int FALL = 3;
public
AnnotationSeason(@Season int season) {
System.out.println("Season :" + season);
}
@IntDef({WINTER,
SPRING, SUMMER, FALL})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
public @interface
Season {
}
public static void
main(String[] args) {
AnnotationSeason
annotationSeason = new AnnotationSeason(SPRING);
}
}
Now if we pass different value in the constructor while create
the instance of AnnotationSeason other than Season, compiler will give error.
@StringDef can be used in same manner.
// Constants
public static final String WINTER = "Winter";
public static final String SPRING = "Spring";
public static final String SUMMER = "Summer";
public static final String FALL = "Fall";
// Declare the @ StringDef for these constants:
@ StringDef ({WINTER, SPRING, SUMMER, FALL})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
public @interface Season {}
Below is android performance patterns video about price of
Enum.
Conclusion
Enums add at least two times more bytes to the total APK size
than plain constants and can use 5 to 10 times more RAM memory than equivalent
constants. This is a best practice advice and performance matters of
application.
You can learn more about support annotation library here.
To find more interesting topics on Software development follow
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