Local Broadcast, less overhead and secure in Android
Broadcast receiver is an Android component which allows you to
send or receive Android system or application events. All the registered application
are notified by the Android runtime once event happens.
It works similar to the publish-subscribe design pattern and used
for asynchronous inter-process communication.
For example, applications can register for various system
events like boot complete or battery low, and Android system sends broadcast
when specific event occur. Any application can also create its own custom
broadcasts.
Basics of
broadcast
Let’s discuss some basic concepts of broadcast receiver.
Register
Broadcast
There are two ways to register broadcast receiver-
Manifest-declared
(Statically): By this receiver can be registered via the AndroidManifest.xml file.
Context-registered
(Dynamically): By this register
a receiver dynamically via the Context.registerReceiver()
method.
Receive
Broadcasts
To be able to receive a broadcast, application have to extends
the BroadcastReceiver abstract class
and override its onReceive() method.
If the event for which the broadcast receiver has registered
happens, the onReceive() method of
the receiver is called by the Android system.
Problem
with global broadcast
It is good practice to use broadcast receivers when you want
to send or receive data between different applications. But if the communication
is limited to your application then it is not good to use the global broadcast.
In this case Android provides local broadcasts with the LocalBroadcastManager class.
There are many reasons for NOT using broadcast:
· Using
global broadcast, any other application can also send and receives broadcast
messages to and from our application. This can be a serious security thread for
our application.
· Global broadcast
is sent system-wide, so it is not performance efficient.
What is LocalBroadcastManager?
For obvious reasons, global broadcasts must never contain
sensitive information. You can, however, broadcast such information locally
using the LocalBroadcastManager
class, which is a part of the Android Support Library.
The LocalBroadcastManager
is much more efficient as it doesn’t need inter-process communication.
Below are some of its benefits:
· Broadcast
data won't leave your app, so don't need to worry about leaking private data.
· It is not
possible for other applications to send these broadcasts to your app, so you
don't need to worry about having security holes they can exploit.
· It is
more efficient than sending a global broadcast through the system.
· No
overhead of system-wide broadcast.
Implementation
There is no additional support library dependency required in
the latest version of Android Studio. However, if you want to implement local
broadcasts in an old project, following dependency needs to be add in the app
module's build.gradle file:
compile 'com.android.support:support-v4:23.4.0'
Create a new instance of the LocalBroadcastManager
LocalBroadcastManager localBroadcastManager =
LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(context);
You can now send local broadcasts using the sendBroadcast() method like
// Create intent with action
Intent localIntent = new Intent("CUSTOM_ACTION");
// Send local broadcast
localBroadcastManager.sendBroadcast(localIntent);
Now create a broadcast receiver that can respond to the
local-broadcast action:
private BroadcastReceiver listener = new BroadcastReceiver() {
@Override
public void onReceive(
Context context, Intent intent ) {
String data =
intent.getStringExtra("DATA");
Log.d(
"Received data : ", data);
}
};
Dynamically registered receivers must be unregistered when
they are no longer necessary like:
localBroadcastManager.unregisterReceiver(myBroadcastReceiver);
You can find the reference code to implement Local Broadcast
receiver from GitHub. In the sample code I have created an IntentService, which
broadcasts current date and it is received by an Activity of the same
application.
How to secure
broadcasts
Restrict your
app to receive broadcast
· Specify a
permission parameter when registering a broadcast receiver then only
broadcasters who have requested the permission can send an Intent to the
receiver.
For example, receiving app has a declared SEND_SMS
permission in the receiver as shown below:
<receiver
android:name=".MyBroadcastReceiver"
android:permission="android.permission.SEND_SMS">
<intent-filter>
<action
android:name="android.intent.action.AIRPLANE_MODE"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
· Set the
android:exported attribute to "false" in the manifest. This restrict
to receive broadcasts from sources outside of the app.
· Limit
yourself to only local broadcasts with LocalBroadcastManager.
Control
receiver of your broadcast
· You can
specify a permission when sending a broadcast then only receivers who have
requested that permission can receive the broadcast. For example, the following
code sends a broadcast:
sendBroadcast(new
Intent("com.example.NOTIFY"), Manifest.permission.SEND_SMS);
· In
Android 4.0 and higher, you can specify a package with setPackage(String) when
sending a broadcast. The system restricts the broadcast to the set of apps that
match the package.
· Send
local broadcasts with LocalBroadcastManager.
Conclusion
Hope you understand about the global and local broadcasts and
their security consideration. To improve the performance of system Android O has
changed the registration of broadcast receiver. From Android O you cannot
register implicit broadcasts in your application manifest (few exceptions is
there) but application can continue to register for explicit broadcasts in
their manifests or at run-time.
Read more on broadcast receiver at Android official document.
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